Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition

Yann LeCun; Bernhard E. Boser; J. S. Denker; D. Henderson; Richard Howard; W. Hubbard; L. D. Jackel · Neural Computation · 1989

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Author / responsible party

Yann LeCun; Bernhard E. Boser; J. S. Denker; D. Henderson; Richard Howard; W. Hubbard; L. D. Jackel

Publisher

Neural Computation

Year

1989

Language

English

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The ability of learning networks to generalize can be greatly enhanced by providing constraints from the task domain. This paper demonstrates how such constraints can be integrated into a backpropagation network through the architecture of the network. This approach has been successfully applied to the recognition of handwritten zip code digits provided by the U.S. Postal Service. A single network learns the entire recognition operation, going from the normalized image of the character to the final classification.

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APA 7

LeCun, Y, Boser, B. E, Denker, J. S, Henderson, D, Howard, R, Hubbard, W, & Jackel, L. D. (1989). Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition. https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541

MLA

LeCun, Yann, et al. "Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition." 1989. https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541.

Chicago

LeCun, Yann, Bernhard E. Boser, J. S. Denker, D. Henderson, Richard Howard, W. Hubbard, and L. D. Jackel. 1989. "Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition.". https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541.

Harvard

LeCun, Y. et al. 1989, Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition, Neural Computation, available at: https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541 [Accessed 8 Aug. 2026].

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Title: Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition

Author / contributors: Yann LeCun; Bernhard E. Boser; J. S. Denker; D. Henderson; Richard Howard; W. Hubbard; L. D. Jackel

Publisher: Neural Computation

Publication year: 1989

Language: English

Subjects

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Backpropagation; Computer science; Code (set theory); Artificial neural network; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Domain (mathematical analysis); Task (project management); Character recognition; Zip code; Machine learning; Speech recognition