Evaluating the effectiveness of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in acute myeloid leukemia patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Vietnam

Objective: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an effective treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, leveraging cytotoxic conditioning regimens and graft-versus-leukemia effects. Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens extend this therapy to elderly patients and those with severe comorbidities, minimizing toxicity while maintaining efficacy. The study aims to determine the result of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens for acute myeloid leukemia patients at Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Vietnam. Methods: The retrospective observational study included 21 AML patients who underwent RIC from January 2021 to March 2024. Results: Median recovery times for neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were 16 and 26 days, respectively. Complications included mucositis (95.2%), febrile episodes (85.7%), CMV reactivation (83.3%), acute GVHD (23.8%), and chronic GVHD (14.3%). The 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 61.4% and 69.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Reduced-intensity conditioning regimens are a safe and effective treatment option for elderly AML patients with comorbidities.