Diagnostic characteristics of Langerhans cells histiocytosis: Case presentation and literature review

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare group of diseases that primarily affects children but can also occur in adults, presenting with diverse clinical and radiological manifestations. LCH involves the skull in approximately 51% of cases and the jaws in about 30%. Clinically, LCH may present as ulcerated lesions, gingival erythema, or swelling, accompanied by severe pain and increased tooth mobility. Poorly or well-demarcated, scoop-shaped unilocular or multilocular alveolar bone destruction represent the most characteristic radiographic features of LCH. While treatment options for isolated lesions include surgical curettage or excision, intralesional steroid injection, and radiation therapy, spontaneous regression have also been reported in some cases. This article presents the diagnostic characteristics of two male patients with LCH manifesting as isolated lesions involving both the maxilla and mandible. Additionally, spontaneous regression of LCH is discussed within the framework of the current literature, based on the post-biopsy follow-up of the second patient.