Relación del desarrollo cognitivo con el clima familiar y el estrés de la crianza Relationship of the cognitive development with the family clime and stress of the childrearing

Se llevo a cabo un estudio con 120 familias en pobreza extrema de las zonas marginales de Hermosillo, Sonora México. Madres de 32 años en promedio respondieron a una escala de funcionamiento familiar, estrés de la crianza y sus niños fueron medidos en desarrollo cognitivo. El objetivo fue evaluar las diferencias significativas entre los tres tipos de familias en su desarrollo cognitivo, el estrés de la crianza y el clima familiar. Se clasificaron las familias en base a la medida de clima familiar con un análisis de conglomerados (clusters). Los resultados indican: a) tres tipos de climas, que etiquetamos como, disciplinado, cohesionado y sin orientación; b) clima sin orientación se asocia a una percepción negativa del niño y de restricciones por la maternidad y presentan las medias mas bajas de desarrollo cognitivo; c) el clima cohesivo se asocia con menos estrés en la madre por la crianza y los puntajes mas alto de desarrollo cognitivo.<br>A study was performed over 120 families located in the marginal areas of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Mothers whose age averaged 32 years old responded to a scale of family performance and childrearing stress; their children were measured throughout cognitive development. This study was aimed to evaluate significant differences with regards to cognitive development, child-rearing stress and family environment among the three types of family. The families were classified based on a measurement of family environment with a cluster analysis. Consequently, the results indicate the following: a) Three different types of environment, which were labeled as disciplined, in harmony and without direction; b) the environment without direction becomes associated to a negative perception of the child and motherhood restrictions, resulting with the lowest average of cognitive development, thus; c) the cohesive environment becomes associated with a lower level of stress in the mother induced by child-rearing and with the highest records of cognitive development.