Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems*

Claude E. Shannon · Bell System Technical Journal · 1949

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Author / responsible party

Claude E. Shannon

Publisher

Bell System Technical Journal

Year

1949

Language

English

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THE problems of cryptography and secrecy systems furnish an interesting application of communication theory. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> In this paper a theory of secrecy systems is developed. The approach is on a theoretical level and is intended to complement the treatment found in standard works on cryptography. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> There, a detailed study is made of the many standard types of codes and ciphers, and of the ways of breaking them. We will be more concerned with the general mathematical structure and properties of secrecy systems.

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APA 7

Shannon, C. E. (1949). Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems*. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x

MLA

Shannon, Claude E. "Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems*." 1949. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x.

Chicago

Shannon, Claude E. 1949. "Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems*.". https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x.

Harvard

Shannon, C. E. 1949, Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems*, Bell System Technical Journal, available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x [Accessed 6 Aug. 2026].

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Resource details

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Title: Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems*

Author / contributors: Claude E. Shannon

Publisher: Bell System Technical Journal

Publication year: 1949

Language: English

Subjects

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Secrecy; Cryptography; Complement (music); Computer science; Theoretical computer science; Information-theoretic security; Algorithm; Computer security; Biology; Gene; Phenotype; Complementation