Particle swarm optimization in WDM/OCDM networks with physical impairments

In this paper, optimization procedures based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) are investigated, aiming to efficiently solve the optimal resource allocation for signal-to-noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) optimization of optical code paths (OCPs) from wavelength division multiplexing/optical code division multiplexing (WDM/OCDM) considering imperfections on physical layer. The characteristic of the PSO is attractive due their performance-complexity tradeoff and fairness regarding the optimization methods that use numerical methods, matrix inversion and other heuristics. The SNIR model considers multiple access interference (MAI) between the OCP based on 2-D codes (time/wavelength), amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) at cascaded amplified spans, and group velocity dispersion (GVD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) dispersion effects. The numerical results have revealed the viability of the PSO algorithm considering solution quality and convergence. Besides, the numerical results have shown a penalty when the ASE, GVD and PMD effects are considered.