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Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance

Sally Floyd; Van Jacobson · IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking · 1993

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Author / responsible party
Sally Floyd; Van Jacobson
Publisher
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
Year
1993
Language
English

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The authors present random early detection (RED) gateways for congestion avoidance in packet-switched networks. The gateway detects incipient congestion by computing the average queue size. The gateway could notify connections of congestion either by dropping packets arriving at the gateway or by setting a bit in packet headers. When the average queue size exceeds a present threshold, the gateway drops or marks each arriving packet with a certain probability, where the exact probability is a function of the average queue size. RED gateways keep the average queue size low while allowing occasional bursts of packets in the queue. During congestion, the probability that the gateway notifies a particular connection to reduce its window is roughly proportional to that connection's share of the bandwidth through the gateway. RED gateways are designed to accompany a transport-layer congestion control protocol such as TCP. The RED gateway has no bias against bursty traffic and avoids the global synchronization of many connections decreasing their window at the same time. Simulations of a TCP/IP network are used to illustrate the performance of RED gateways.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

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APA 7

Floyd, S. & Jacobson, V. (1993). Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance. https://doi.org/10.1109/90.251892

MLA

Floyd, Sally, and Van Jacobson. "Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance." 1993. https://doi.org/10.1109/90.251892.

Chicago

Floyd, Sally and Van Jacobson. 1993. "Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance.". https://doi.org/10.1109/90.251892.

Harvard

Floyd, S. and Jacobson, V. 1993, Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/90.251892 [Accessed 9 Aug. 2026].

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Resource details

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Title
Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance
Author / contributors
Sally Floyd; Van Jacobson
Publisher
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
Publication year
1993
Language
English

Subjects

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Random early detection; Computer network; Computer science; Active queue management; Network congestion; Queue; Network packet; Packet loss; Explicit Congestion Notification; Default gateway; Gateway (web page); Real-time computing
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