The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure

Kurt Kroenke; Robert L. Spitzer · Psychiatric Annals · 2002

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Author / responsible party

Kurt Kroenke; Robert L. Spitzer

Publisher

Psychiatric Annals

Year

2002

Language

English

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and treatable mental disorders presenting in general medical as well as specialty settings. There are a number of case-finding instruments for detecting depression in primary care, ranging from 2 to 28 items.1,2 Typically these can be scored as continuous measures of depression severity and also have established cutpoints above which the probability of major depression is substantially increased. Scores on these various measures tend to be highly correlated3, with little evidence that one measure is superior to any other.1,2,4

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APA 7

Kroenke, K. & Spitzer, R. L. (2002). The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06

MLA

Kroenke, Kurt, and Robert L. Spitzer. "The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure." 2002. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06.

Chicago

Kroenke, Kurt and Robert L. Spitzer. 2002. "The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure.". https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06.

Harvard

Kroenke, K. and Spitzer, R. L. 2002, The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure, Psychiatric Annals, available at: https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06 [Accessed 7 Aug. 2026].

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Resource details

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Title: The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure

Author / contributors: Kurt Kroenke; Robert L. Spitzer

Publisher: Psychiatric Annals

Publication year: 2002

Language: English

Subjects

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Depression (economics); Measure (data warehouse); Medicine; Patient Health Questionnaire; Psychiatry; Depressive symptoms; Computer science; Data mining; Economics; Anxiety; Macroeconomics