Numerical Calculation of Time-Dependent Viscous Incompressible Flow of Fluid with Free Surface

A new technique is described for the numerical investigation of the time-dependent flow of an incompressible fluid, the boundary of which is partially confined and partially free. The full Navier-Stokes equations are written in finite-difference form, and the solution is accomplished by finite-time-step advancement. The primary dependent variables are the pressure and the velocity components. Also used is a set of marker particles which move with the fluid. The technique is called the marker and cell method. Some examples of the application of this method are presented. All non-linear effects are completely included, and the transient aspects can be computed for as much elapsed time as desired.