The role of the myo-inositol for the prevention of the gestational diabetes mellitus: systematic review

Abstract Objective: This review evaluated myo-inositol supplementation's effectiveness in pregnant women at high risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Sources: A systematic search in PubMed/MedLine, Cochrane, and VHL databases was conducted using the following terms: "inositol," "diabetes," "gestational diabetes," and "prevention," with no limits on publication period or language. The reference lists were scanned for additional articles. Selection criteria: Relevant studies were identified by screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, following inclusion and exclusion criteria and eliminating duplicates. One additional study was added after reviewing references. Data collection: Guided by the PRISMA Statement, data were extracted using Microsoft Excel. The primary outcome was GDM incidence; secondary outcomes included maternal, birth, neonatal health, and adverse effects. Data synthesis: Five studies were included. Myo-inositol supplementation significantly decreased the incidence of GDM in all studies. One study noted significant weight loss. Three studies found no reduction in insulin treatment needs with myo-inositol supplementation. One study showed a decrease in macrosomia incidence. No decrease in cesarean delivery rates was verified, though one study noted reduced hypertensive disorders’ incidence with myo-inositol. Four studies evidenced no reduction in premature birth or shoulder dystocia. There was no significant difference in hypoglycemia incidence in three studies. One study showed a decrease in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admissions with myo-inositol supplementation. One patient reported headaches. Conclusion: Due to study divergences, no clinical recommendations can be made. However, myo-inositol supplementation appears effective in reducing GDM incidence in at-risk pregnant women.