Lung ultrasound score in dogs and cats: A reliability study

Abstract Background Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a noninvasive tool for examining respiratory distress patients. The lung ultrasound score (LUSS) can be used to quantify and monitor lung aeration loss with good reliability. Hypothesis/Objectives Assess the reliability of a new LUSS among raters with different levels of experience and determine how well the same raters agree on identifying patterns of LUS abnormalities. Animals Forty LUS examinations of dogs and cats and 320 videos were reviewed from a digital database. Methods Retrospective reliability study with post hoc analysis. Protocolized LUS were randomly selected; intrarater and interrater reliability of the LUSS and pattern recognition agreement among 4 raters with different levels of experience in LUS were tested. Results The intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) single measurement, absolute agreement, and 2‐way mixed effects model was 0.967 for the high‐experience rater (H‐Exp), 0.963 and 0.952 for the medium‐experience raters (M‐Exp‐1; M‐Exp‐2), and 0.950 for the low‐experience rater (L‐Exp). The interrater ICC average measurement, absolute agreement, and 2‐way random effects model among the observers was 0.980. The Fleiss' kappa (k) values showed almost perfect agreement (k = 1) among raters in identifying pleural effusion and translobar tissue‐like pattern, strong agreement for A‐lines (k = 0.881) and B‐lines (k = 0.806), moderate agreement (k = 0.693) for subpleural loss of aeration, and weak agreement (k = 0.474) for irregularities of the pleural line. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Our results indicate excellent intra‐ and interrater reliability for LUS scoring and pattern identification, providing a foundation for the use of the LUSS in emergency medicine and intensive care.