Comparative Morphological Study of Pollen Grains and Seeds of Cultivars from the Species Pyrus malus L. and Pyrus communis L. Cultivated in Northern of Iraq

The present research includes a comparative morphological characters of pollen grains and seeds of (8) cultivars belonging the species Pyrus malus L. namely ("EarlyGold", "GrannySmith", "Royal Cala", "Red Delicious", "Golden Delicious", "Honey Crisp", "Mcintosh", Cox") and (6) Cultivars belonge to the species Pyrus communis L. namely ("Coneference", Decana", "Bonica", "Alkhatuni","Alothmani", "William) which cultivated in northern of Iraq. Were examined by light and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result of pollen grains showed that pattern tricolporate and the shape in polar view triangular or spherical -triangular or tetrangular but in equatorial view spherical or ovate and surface configuration was striate in all cultivars of the species. The morphological characters of seeds (Shape, Color, Dimension of width and Length, Number of seeds in fruit), in addition to indumentum were found to be diagnostic value for separation cultivars from the two species. In addition to its surface configuration, it was Striate in "EarlyGold", "RoyalCala", "Honey Crisp", "Mcintosh" and "Cox" and Striate papillae in GrannySmith, while the "Coneference", "Decana" and "Bonica, Alkhatuni, and Alothmani had a surface configuration pitted, and Irregular Reticular in Red Delicious and Reticulate papillae in cultivar William, while Golden Deliciou was unique as having an alveolate surface, The quantitative and qualitative morphological characters of pollen grains and seeds were found to be diagnostic value for separation cultivars from the species.