NAVIGATING UNCERTAINTY: HOW HRM PRACTICES PROPEL START-UPS THROUGH LIFECYCLE PHASES

This study explores the evolution of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in start-ups across different life cycle phases, focusing on recruitment, selection, training, and development. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), eight start-up founders were interviewed to understand how HRM strategies adapt as start-ups transition from early-stage to growth. The findings highlight that recruitment in the early stages is informal, relying on personal networks and recommendations, whereas formal selection processes, including psychological assessments, emerge as companies mature. Training and development are often limited by financial constraints in early stages, but as start-ups grow, structured learning programs, mentorship, and external training resources become more prominent. The study confirms the dynamic and evolving nature of HRM in start-ups and emphasizes the increasing role of HR professionals in structured hiring and employee development. The research provides practical insights for start-up founders, HR professionals, and policymakers to enhance HRM strategies in entrepreneurial settings.