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Abstract Dietary load and composition are known contributors that accelerate cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). High protein intake, which increases amino acid burden in the kidneys, is one such factor. Desp...

Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to glucose intolerance, insulin sensitivity, and beta islet cell dysfunction during pregnancy. GDM pathogenesis is associated with hypertension, impaired placental and...

Abstract Background Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a key mitochondrial electron carrier and a widely used dietary supplement with potential neurological benefits. However, the mechanisms underlying its effect in ameliorating me...

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Current chemotherapy against this disease is based on the administration of benzimidazoles (BZMs). Howev...

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease, regarded by WHO as a public health problem that has presented a significant increase in the recent years. Conventional treatment is toxic and leads to serious side effects. Photodynam...

Myasthenia gravis (MG) has traditionally been conceptualized as a peripheral autoimmune disorder primarily mediated by autoantibodies targeting the neuromuscular junction. However, this classical paradigm fails to adequa...

Neurodegenerative disorders represent a major and growing global health challenge, characterized by progressive neuronal loss, multifactorial pathophysiology, and limited disease-modifying pharmacological options. Increa...

IntroductionMetabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as a severe worldwide public health burden with insufficient available clinical therapeutic strategies, which underscores the urgent demand for sa...

Vascular calcification arises from osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) driven by disordered calcium signaling. Sarcoplasmic/ER calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) maintains intracellular calcium ...

Abstract Neuroinflammation is a key pathogenic factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, as a potential strategy for regulating neuroinflammation, has received extensive attentio...

Vascular and metabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm and dissection, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), constitute a major global heal...

Abstract Objective: MOTS-c is a mitochondria-derived peptide associated with reduced insulin resistance and obesity. The m.1382A>C polymorphism of the MOTS-c gene is linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in men...

IntroductionHyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure, alkalosis (HUPRA) syndrome is a mitochondrial disease caused by mutations in SARS2 (seryl-tRNA synthetase 2), which plays a role in protein synthesis. Lim...

Ageing is a complex biological process marked by gradual functional decline, reduced cellular resilience, and increased vulnerability to chronic diseases. Maintaining cell health has become a crucial strategy for extendi...

ABSTRACT Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration represents a cardinal etiology of irreversible vision loss in glaucoma, where efficacious regenerative therapies remain scarce. RGC replacement therapy holds promise for ...

Mental health issues, including cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression, have become a major global health challenge. Notably, conventional pharmacological treatments are often accompanied by adverse reactions. The...

Copper deficiency is an important disease of cattle that produces several clinical signs and lesions, due to alterations in copper-dependent enzymes. One of the organs affected by this deficiency is the heart (falling di...

Endothelial glycocalyx dysregulation remains the leading cause of the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, which can increase the risk of organ failure and even cause death. However, the construction o...

Cystic hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a major zoonotic infection with significant public health and economic impact in endemic regions, including Iraq. This study aimed to detect the mitochondrial...

Abstract Background Biallelic SPG7 mutations cause one of the most common forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Several reports have suggested that heterozygous SPG7 variants may also play a role in HSP, but also...

Cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis) is a severe and widespread disease, caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus; it affects large numbers of humans and farm animals annually, causing serious he...

Esraa Basalem,1 Nooran Badeeb1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Ministry of Defense Health Services, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of Medic...

Abstract Fasciolosis is a foodborne anthropozoonotic disease caused by Fasciola spp. that affects multiple hosts worldwide. Genetic characterization studies have revealed considerable diversity within F. hepatica populat...

IntroductionAlthough immune responses to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination and susceptibility to mycobacterial infection vary across individuals, the underlying cellular mechanisms regulating this heterogenei...